La educación infantil en los países nórdicos: iniciativas innovadoras

Autores/as

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.33010/ie_rie_rediech.v14i0.1911

Palabras clave:

Aprendizaje activo, infancia, instituciones educativas, países nórdicos, innovación educativa, habilidades

Resumen

Este artículo ofrece una visión global sobre cómo se desarrolla la educación infantil en los países nórdicos y describe experiencias innovadoras de esta etapa educativa en cada uno de ellos. Como países nórdicos están incluidos Dinamarca, Suecia, Noruega, Finlandia e Islandia, junto con los territorios dependientes de estos, es decir, Groenlandia y las islas Svalbard, Jan Mayen, Feroe y Åland. Las innovaciones educativas descritas en cada uno de los países no son exclusivas de ese país, pero todas ellas configuran un marco de desarrollo de las consideradas habilidades del siglo XXI. Todas las iniciativas se desarrollan en torno al niño como protagonista del proceso de enseñanza-aprendizaje; la participación activa, la reflexión, la comunicación, la capacidad de resolver problemas de forma creativa y el uso de herramientas de pensamiento son algunas de las habilidades desarrolladas por estas iniciativas en pro del concepto de educación como capital humano, donde los niños son vistos como recursos fundamentales para la formación de una sociedad igualitaria, autónoma, proactiva y parte de un conjunto sistémico.

Biografía del autor/a

Inmaculada Navarro-González, Junta de Comunidades de Castilla La Mancha, España

Funcionaria del Cuerpo de maestros en la Junta de Comunidades de Castilla La Mancha, España. Es Doctora en Psicopedagogía por la Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Máster en Metodologías Innovadoras por la Universidad Internacional de La Rioja y ha sido profesora asociada de la UNED y de la Universidad de Castilla La Mancha. Estancia en la Southern Denmark University a cargo del proyecto DERSE. Entre sus publicaciones recientes se encuentran artículos y capítulos de libro relacionados con la necesidad de potenciación de las habilidades blandas en las diversas etapas del sistema educativo.

Citas

Arkki (2023). Completo programa de educación creativa en Finlandia. https://www.arkki.com/es/educacion-creativa-de-finlandia/

Axelsson, K., Hägglund, S., y Sandberg, A. (2015). Entrepreneurial learning in education: Preschool as a take-off for the entrepreneurial self. Journal of Education and Training, 2(2), 40-58. https://doi.org/10.5296/jet.v2i2.7350

Becker, C., Lauterbach, G., Spengler, S., Dettweiler, U., y Mess, F. (2017). Effects of regular classes in outdoor education settings: A systematic review on students’ learning, social and health dimensions. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, 14(5), 485. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph14050485

Bølling, M., Otte, C. R., Elsborg, P., Nielsen, G., y Bentsen, P. (2018). The association between education outside the classroom and students school motivation: Results from a one-school-year quasi-experiment. International Journal of Educational Research, 89, 22-35. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijer.2018.03.004

Creative Classroom (2023). Creative classroom by Arkki International. https://www.creativeclassroom.fi/courses/creative-classroom-demo

Dean, S. (2019). Seeing the forest and the trees: A historical and conceptual look at Danish Forest Schools. International Journal of Early Childhood Environmental Education, 6(3), 53-63. https://www.researchgate.net/publication/345140754_Seeing_the_Forest_and_the_Trees_A_Historical_and_Conceptual_Look_at_Danish_Forest_Schools

Einarsdottir, J. (2017). Opportunities and challenges in Icelandic early childhood education. En C. Ringsmose y G. Kragh-Müller (eds.), Nordic social pedagogical approach to early years. International perspectives on early childhood education and development. Springer. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-42557-3_4

Escuelas en el Bosque (s.f.). Kids gone wild [video]. https://www.sbs.com.au/ondemand/video/628862019760/dateline-23216-kids-gone-wild

Expansión (s.f.a). Economía y datos de los países. Datos macro.com. https://datosmacro.expansion.com/paises

Expansión (s.f.b). Desempleo. Datos macro.com. https://datosmacro.expansion.com/paro

Expansión (s.f.c). Pirámide de población. Datos macro.com. https://datosmacro.expansion.com/demografia/estructura-poblacion

Finnish National Agency for Education (2019). Finnish National Agency for Education’s (EDUFI) website. https://www.oph.fi/en

Gobierno de Islandia (s.f.). Ministry of Education and Children. https://www.government.is/ministries/ministry-of-education-and-children/

Government Offices of Sweden (s.f.). Ministry of Education and Research. https://www.government.se/government-of-sweden/ministry-of-education-and-research/

Gunnarsdottir, B. (2014). From play to school: Are core values of ECEC in Iceland being undermined by ‘schoolification’? International Journal of Early Years Education, 22(3), 242-250. https://doi.org/10.1080/09669760.2014.960319

Heggen, M. P. (2016). Education for sustainable development in Norway. En J. Siraj-Blatchford, C. Mogharreban y E. Park (eds.), International research on education for sustainable development in early childhood (pp. 91-102). Springer.

Henderson, K., y Tilbury, D. (2004). Whole-school approaches to sustainability: An international review of sustainable school programs [Informe del Australian Research Institute in Education for Sustainability (ARIES)]. Department of the Environment and Heritage, Australian Government.

Hoppe, M., Westerberg, M., y Leffler, E. (2017). Educational approaches to entrepreneurship in higher education: A view from the Swedish horizon. Education and Training, 59(7-8), 751-767. https://doi.org/10.1108/ET-12-2016-0177

Jónsdóttir, S. R. (2018). Exchanging curriculum ideas for 21st century education: Australian ‘technologies’ and Icelandic ‘innovation education’. 2018: Netla - Ársrit. https://doi.org/10.24270/netla.2018.7

Jönsson, I., Sandell, A., y Tallberg-Broman, I. (2012). Change or paradigm shift in the swedish preschool? Sociología. Problemas e Práticas, (69), 47-61. https://journals.openedition.org/spp/815?lang=en

Kapadia, S. (2014). Childhood into the 22nd century: Creativity, the Finland example, and beyond. Childhood Education, 90(5), 333-342. https://doi.org/10.1080/00094056.2014.952214

Kjær, B., Bach, D., y Dannesboe, K. I. (2020). Academics as play and the social as discipline: School readiness in Denmark. International Journal of Early Years Education, 28(3), 246-261. https://doi.org/10.1080/09669760.2020.1806044

Kjørholt, A. T. (2002). Small is powerful: Discourses on ‘Children and Participation’ in Norway. Childhood, 9(1), 63-82. https://doi.org/10.1177/0907568202009001005

Kragh-Müller, G. (2017). The key characteristics of Danish/Nordic child care culture. En C. Ringsmose y G. Kragh-Müller (eds), Nordic social pedagogical approach to early years. International perspectives on early childhood education and development (pp. 3-23). Springer. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-42557-3_1

Li, M., Zhang, Y., Yuan, L., y Birkeland, Å. (2019). A critical analysis of education for sustainability in early childhood curriculum documents in China and Norway. ECNU Review of Education, 2(4), 441-457. https://hdl.handle.net/11250/2646954

Lindström, L. (2013). What do children learn at Swedish preschools? International Education Studies, 6(4), 236-250. https://dx.doi.org/10.5539/ies.v6n4p236

Mannion, G., Mattu, L., y Wilson, M. (2015). Teaching, learning, and play in the outdoors: a survey of school and pre-school provision in Scotland [Informe Nº 779]. Scottish Natural Heritage. https://www.nature.scot/snh-commissioned-report-779-teaching-learning-and-play-outdoors-survey-school-and-preschool.

Ministerio de Educación e Investigación (2017). Framework plan for Kindergartens. https://www.udir.no/globalassets/filer/barnehage/rammeplan/framework-plan-for-kindergartens2-2017.pdf

Ministry of Childhood and Education (2022). Introduction to the Early Childhood Education and Care system (Dagtilbud). https://eng.uvm.dk/early-childhood-education-and-care-system/introduction-to-the-early-childhood-education-and-care-system

Ministry of Education and Children (2008). The Preschool Act. No. 90, 12 June 2008. https://www.government.is/media/menntamalaraduneyti-media/media/MRN-pdf_Annad/Preschool_Act.pdf

Ministry of Education and Culture (2019). Strategy 2030, https://julkaisut.valtioneuvosto.fi/bitstream/handle/10024/161562/OKM14.pdf

Ministry of Education and Culture (s.f.a). Pre-Primary education. https://okm.fi/en/pre-primary-education1

Ministry of Education and Culture (s.f.b). Early childhood education and care. https://okm.fi/en/early-childhood-education-and-care

Mörk, S. B. (2022). University-preschool collaboration in pre-school teacher education in Iceland. Learning Environments Research, 25(4), 1-16. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10984-021-09350-5

National Board of Education (2001). Currículo básico para la educación Pre-escolar (6 años) Finlandia 2000. https://elatelierdealadin.files.wordpress.com/2014/11/curriculo-bc3a1sico-para-la-educacic3b3n-preescolar-finlandia-2000.pdf

Nikkola, V. (2020). Educación y atención a la infancia en Finlandia. Educació Social, (74), 73-88. https://www.google.com/url?sa=t&rct=j&q=&esrc=s&source=web&cd=&cad=rja&uact=8&ved=2ahUKEwjH8ZH82aaDAxUALUQIHZtBDpAQFnoECA4QAQ&url=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.raco.cat%2Findex.php%2FEducacioSocial%2Farticle%2Fdownload%2F364131%2F461579%2F&usg=AOvVaw07zwCYse9yJ351GiO4EXUi&opi=89978449

Nordic Council of Ministers (2022). Nordic approaches to evaluation and assessment in early childhood education and care. Final report. https://www.norden.org/en/publication/nordic-approaches-evaluation-and-assessment-early-childhood-education-and-care

Norstedts Juridik Kundservice (2018). Curriculum for the preschool 2018. The Swedish National Agency for Education (Skolverket). https://www.skolverket.se/publikationsserier/styrdokument/2019/curriculum-for-the-preschool-lpfo-18

Norwegian Ministry of Education and Research (2005). Act no. 64 of June 2005 relating to Kindergartens (the Kindergarten Act). https://www.regjeringen.no/globalassets/upload/kd/vedlegg/barnehager/engelsk/act_no_64_of_june_2005_web.pdf

Norwegian Ministry of Education and Research (2006). Framework plan for the content and tasks of kindergartens. https://www.regjeringen.no/globalassets/upload/kd/vedlegg/barnehager/engelsk/frameworkplanforthecontentandtasksofkindergartens.pdf

Norwegian Ministry of Education and Research (2018). Competencies for tomorrow’s kindergartens. Revised strategy for competence and recruitment 2018-2022. https://www.regjeringen.no/contentassets/17bfd7a2d3ec437c9dee4d32c5068cf9/kompetansestrategi-for-barnehage-2018-2022_eng-rev.-01.10.19-004.pdf

Oficinas del Gobierno de Suecia (2009). Strategy for entrepreneurship in the field of education. Västerås.

Ruiz, A. C. (2020). Mapping creativity in the European Union. The role of human development, digitisation and sustainability [Informe]. Creative Economic.

Salminen, J. (2017). Early childhood education and care system in Finland. Nauki o Wychowaniu Studia Interdyscyplinarne, 5(2), 135-154. https://doi.org/10.18778/2450-4491.05.09

The Hjalli Model (s.f). Introduction. https://www.hjallimodel.com/

UNESCO [Organización de las Naciones Unidas para la Educación, la Ciencia y la Cultura] (2011). Datos mundiales sobre la educación, 7ª ed., 2010-11. https://www.ibe.unesco.org/es/documento/datos-mundiales-de-educaci%C3%B3n-s%C3%A9ptima-edici%C3%B3n-2010-11

WCED [World Commission on Environment and Development] (1987). Our common future. Oxford University Press. https://sustainabledevelopment.un.org/content/documents/5987our-common-future.pdf

Williams-Siegfredsen, J. (2017). Understanding the Danish Forest Schools approach: Early years education in practice. Routledge.

Descargas

Publicado

2023-12-30

Cómo citar

Navarro-González, I. (2023). La educación infantil en los países nórdicos: iniciativas innovadoras. IE Revista De Investigación Educativa De La REDIECH, 14, e1911. https://doi.org/10.33010/ie_rie_rediech.v14i0.1911

Artículos similares

También puede {advancedSearchLink} para este artículo.